cnobilia, rom ingmar bergmani, romelsac wels
am areul dareulma saqmianobam bergmans xeli ar SeuSala rom 13 wlis ganmavlobaSi gadaeRo 19 filmi. da kidev ufro gasakviria is faqti, rom igi aris erTaderTi “avtori” Tavis filmebisa – igulisxmeba scenari, dialogi, dadgma. frangul kinogaqiravebaSi misi mxolod 6 filmi iyo, esenia “maradiuli moCveneba” “zafxuli monikasTan” “meSvide karibWe” “zafxulis Ramis Rimili” “xumarebis saRamo” “zafxulis TamaSi”. im jildoebis wyalobiT, romlebsac bergmani bolo ramodenime wlis manZilze regularulad iRebs kinofestivalebSi, aseve misi filmebis arakomerciuli warmatebis wyalobiT, misi ramdenime nawarmoebi pirvelad gamoCndeba frangul ekranze. Cemi azriT Cven gvelodeba iseTi filmebi, rogorebicaa “siyvarulis gakveTilebi” “qalebi icdian” “qaluri sibinZureebi” (komediis stilSi) da kidev ori sxva filmi, ufro seriozuli, pirveli “cixe” – suraTi, romelic gviyveba kinoreJisorze, romelsac misi skolis maTematikis maswavlebeli sTavazobs, rom gadaiRos filmi jojoxeTze da ra Tqma unda “wyurvili”- sadac Svedi col-qmari, romelic mogzaurobs omis Semdgom germaniaSi gaiazreben, rom isini mwvave colqmruli urTierTobebis krizisSi imyofebian.
SvedeTSi dRes ingmar bergmans Tvlian yvelaze did Sved reJisorad, magram yovelTvis ese ar iyo. misi pirveli Sexvedra kinematografTan SeiZleba 1944 wliT davaTariRoT rodesac man dawera scenari reJisor SebergisTvis (romelic CvenTan cnobilia filmiT “freken iulia”). da ukve Semdeg wels
bergmanis pirvelma filmebma didi STabeWdileba moaxdines TavianT pesimizmiT da meamboxe suliT. TiTqmis yvelgan saubari iyo axalgazrdebze, romlebic sakuTari bednierebis Ziebisas garbodnen saxlidan da pirispir ejaxebodnen burJuaziuli samyaros siZneleebs. kritika am filmebs metad civad Sexvda. maT epyrobodnen sifrTxiliT da gaRizianebiT. mxolod 1948 wels SeZlo bergmanma esiamovnebina kritikisTvis, rodesac gadaiRo filmi «musika ukuneTSi» , romlis mTavari gmiric aris pianisti, romelic dabrmavda armiaSi msaxurobis dros. saxlSi dabrunebis Semdeg igi itanjeba axlobelTa zrunviT manam, sanam ar miiRebs « silas » misive megobarisagan. es dartyma pianists sixaruls gvris, radgan bolo-bolo mas moeqcnen ise, rogorc normalur adamians.
am filmis Semdeg bergmani sakmaod cnobadi reJisoria SvedeTSi, Tumca am dros, 1951 wels, Sveduri kinematografia ganicdis saSinel kriziss, ar gadaRebula arc erTi filmi, da bergmans uxdeba, gadaiRos 9 sareklamo rgoli, sadac igi aqebs Sveduri sapnis Rirsebebs.
magram ukve Semdeg wels bergmani kvlav gadsaReb moedanzea da iRebs Tavis erT-erT yvelaze karg films « qalebi icdian » sadac aSkarad igrZnoba jozef menkeviCis nawarmoebis « werili sam cols » gavlena. saerTod, bergmanis mTel Semoqmedebas kinomanis beWedi azis. 10 wlis asakSi igi atarebda mTel Tavis dros kino proeqtorTan romelic aCvenebda erTsa da imave suraTebs. filmSi « cixe » bergmani siyvaruliT ixsenebs Tavisi bavSvobis am periods : mTavari gmiri sxvenze uyurebs films, sadac viRac tips Ramis perangSi misdevs policieli. dRes bergmani flobs sakuTar « sinematikas » romelSic 150 mde filmi Sedis romlebic gadayvanilia 16 mm-ian firze da maT igi periodulad uCvenebs msaxiobebsa da TanaSemweebs.
bergmanma naxa bevri amerikuli filmi, da hiCkokTan « nacnobobas » misTvis ukvalod ar Cauvlia, Znelia ar gagaxsendes « eWvebi » an « mdidrebi da ucnaurebi » roca uyureb « wyurvilSi » mTavari gmirebis sakmaod grZel dialogs, romelic iSleba TiTqmis SeumCneveli magram absoluturad Sesabamisi Jestebis wyalobiT, gansakuTrebiT ki msaxiobebis zustad gamozomil da rTul mzeraTa erTgvari TamaSiT.
ise, zustad 1948 wlis Semdeg bergmani uars ambobs axlo xedian kadrebze da iRebs filmebs ufro grZeli xediT, rac maT moZraobebs ufro met gadaadgilebis Tavisuflebas aniWebs.
magram, magaliTad xuan bardemisagan gansxvavebiT, romlis yvela axali filmi romelime reJisoris Zlieri gavlenis Sedegadaa gadaRebuli, da mainc ver Seqmna veraferi Rirebuli da gamorCeuli, bergmanma gadasarevad gaiTavisa yvelaferi is, rac mas aRafrTovanebs : klasikuri Teatri, Jan koqto, anui da hiCkoki.
ofliusisa da renuaris msgavsad, bergmanis yvela filmi qalebs eZRvnebaT. magram Tu ofliusis siaxlove aq ufro mZafrad igrZnoba, es mxolod imitom, rom bergmans « xumrobebis saRamoSi » iseve rogorc ofliuss « lola montesSi » ufro axlos moaqvs qali personaJebis mxare, vidre mamakacebisa, igi uyurebs samyaros qalebis TvaliT. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, renuari Cven gvaCvenebs qalebs maTi partniorebis TvaliT, maSin , rodesac bergmani da ofliusi sawinaaRmdegosaken ixrebian, es yvelaze mkveTrad igrZnoba « zafxulis Ramis RimilSi » sadac mamakacebis personaJebi mkveTrad stilizebulia da saTanadod damuSavebuli mxolod qali- personaJebis rolebia.
erTi Svedi Jurnalisti werda « bergmans esmis qalebis » da bergmanma mas ase upasuxa : « yvela qali axdens Cemze Zlier STabeWdilebas, moxucebi, axalgazrdebi, maRlebi, dablebi, msuqnebi, gamxdrebi, begemotebi, indaurebi da batebi, magram yvelaze did gavlenas Cemze ori tipis qali axdens – veluri mxecebi da saSiSi reptiliebi. arseboben qalebi, romelTa atanac ki ar SemiZlia, amas mirCevnia Cemi xeliT movkla ramodenime maTgani an me TviTon momklan. qalebis samyaro – es Cemi universumia. me aq maincdamainc kargad ar maqvs saqme, magram arc erT kacs ar SeuZlia daitrabaxos imiT rom qalebis samyaroSi bolomde gaerkva ».
bergmanze iwereba bevri statia, yovel wels ufro da ufro didi, da es kargia. am statiebis nawili , romelic ar mTavrdeba bergmanis usasrulo pesimizmis tiradiT, mTavrdeba imiT, rom misi Semoqmedeba optimisturia – yvelaferi SeiZleba mogveCvenos simarTled, rodesac Zalian farTo kriteriumebiT ganixilaven im namuSevrebs, romlebic avtorma – WeSmaritebis siyvarulis gamo – ar SeboWa erTi romelime tendenciiT. fraza “zafxuli Ramis RimilSi” zustad asaxavs bergmaniseul filosofias gaxsnils da daucvelad keTilmosurned – “aravin ar SegiZlia daicva tanjvisagan da amis gamo grZnob saSinel daRlilobas”
Tavis pirvels filmebSi bergmanis svamda socialur sakiTxebs, Semdgomi periodis SemoqmedebaSi TviTmyofadobis problema Cndeba, sufTa introspeqcia (sakuTari Tavis gamokvleva), arc ise didi xania, rom bergmanis filmebSi moralurma da metafizikurma wesrigma daikava didi adgili. im Tavisuflebs wyalobiT, rasac reJisors Svedi produserebi aZleven, bergmanma SeZlo 12 wlis ganmavlobaSi Seeqmna imdenive filmi, ramdenic Seqmnes hiCkokma da renuarma 30 wlis ganmavlobSi.
bergmanis SemoqmedebaSi bervi poeziaa, magram es im wuTas TvalSi ar gvxvdeba,rdgan misTvis mTavar sakiTxad mainc simarTlis Zieba rCeba, romelic ufro da ufro nayofieria yovel axal filmSi. gansakuTrebul warmatebas bergmanma miaRwia msaxiobebTan urTierTobaSi. mTavar rolebs mis filmebSi TiTqmis yovelTvis asruleben 5 Tu 6 msaxiobi, romlebTanac igi kargi gagebiT aris « mijaWvuli » da mas gamosdis yovel jerze maTi gardasaxva imgvarad rom isini sruliad ucnobebi arian CvenenTvis sxvadasxva suraTebSi. man ipova margit karlkvisti trikotaJis qarxanaSi, da hariet andersoni provinciul reviuSi, sadac igi mReroda mWidrod Semotmasnil Sav kabaSi gamowyobili.
rodesac bergmani iwyebs axali filmis gadaRebas, TviTmxilvelTa TqmiT, mas ar aqvs dawerili scenari da mas TiTqmis arasdros warmoudgenia momavali filmis finali. SeiZleba es marTlac esea. bergmanis filmebis mayureblebs, iseve rogorc renuaris, uCndebT gadaRebebze Tanmyofobis gancda sadac isini TiTqmis monawileobas iReben da gavlenasac ki axdenen am procesze.
saukeTeso mtkicebulebad imisa, rom bhergmani mxatvaria, me miviCnev imas, Tu rogor warmoSobs misi warmosaxva personaJebs romlebic saubroben CvenTvis gasageb enaze metad seriozul sakiTxebze. bergman uyvars o’nilis frazis citireba, romelic SeiZleba masac ki ekuTvnodes : « dramatiuli xelovneba, romelic koncentrirebuli araa adamianisa da RmerTis urTierTobebze, moklebulia yovelgvar interess »
am gamonaTqvamSi Tavmoyrilia « meSvide karibWis » mTeli arsi. romelsac me piradad vamjobineb « sicocxlis parmaRs ». pirveli filmi meditaciaa sikvdilis Temaze, xolo meore dabadebaze. mokled, es orive TiTqmis erTi da igivea, radgan saubari orive SemTxvevaSi midis sicocxleze.
meore filmis moqmedeba xdeba samSobiaro saxlSi da grZeldeba 24 saaTs. yvelaze ukeTesad am scenaris « suli » gadmosca bergmanis Tanaavtorma ula isaksonma :
« cxovreba, dabadeba, sikvdili – saidumloebebia romelTa ZaliT, zogierTni ibadebian, zogierTni ki kvdebian. Cven SegviZlia kiTxvebiT an zecas mivmarToT an medicinas, magram pasuxi mainc erTia. xcovreba ki mainc grZeldeba da ajildoebs cocxlebs an dardiT, an bednierebiT. zustad is, visac wyuria siTbo da mofereba, ganwirulia unayofobisaTvis. zustad cxovrebiT aRsavses waerTmeva bavSvi, romlis dabadebasac mTeli cxovreba eloda. zustad gamoucdeli da axalgazrda qali rCeba, misi survilisda miuxedavad fexmZimed. cxovreba maT yvelas ajildoebs, ise, rom ar svams zedmet kiTxvebs magram ar iZleva arc pasuxebs is dauRalavad misdevs Tavis gzas, axal dabadebebsa da adamianTa cxovrebebs.
kiTxvebs mxolod adamianebi svamen. »
« meSvide karibWisagan » gansxvavebiT romelic STagonebulia Sua saukunis vitraJebiT da plastikuri mignebebiT, suraTi « sicocxlis parmaRze » ufro meti simartiviTaa gadRebuli : reJisura aq TiTqmis kvdeba msaxiobTa arc Tu ise did ansamblSi, iseve rogorc TviT bergmani « mokvda » ula isaksonis scenarSi.
eva dalbeki, ingrid tulini da gansakuTrebiT bibi andersoni did STabeWdilebas axdenen zusti da emociuri TamaSiT. filmSi, sadac yvela elementi damokidebulia mkacr sisufTaveze, ar aris musika. yvelaze metad bergmanis bolo filmebSi mxiblavs maTi metad Rrma seriozuloba da « arsobrioba ». yvela dabadebul da cocxal arsebas SeuZlia Cawvdes mis filmebs, da Seafasos misi Semoqmedeba. ingmar bergmani, rogorc me mgonia, mimarTavs dedamiwaze mcxovreb yvela mayurebels Tavisi filmebiT romelTa ubraloeba Cven isev da isev gvancvifrebs.
fransua triufo, 1958
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